owned customer data 2

https://marketingstudiodigest.ironwoodscope.com/posts/why-your-business-needs-a-marketing-studio-not-just-a-freelancer

Owned customer data is the information a business collects directly from its users through their own interactions, like sign-ups, purchases, or app usage. It's first-party data, meaning no middleman controls it. Companies use this to personalize experiences without relying on third parties, but they still must handle it carefully to respect privacy and build trust. When a brand knows your preferences from your own activity, it can make suggestions that actually fit you.